Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
type: channel
description: The Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques (IJPCAT)is an international peer-reviewed devoted to pharmaceutical, organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and Biochemistry. IJPCAT aims to increase the impact of pharmaceutical research in academia and industry, with a strong emphasis on quality and originality. IJPCAT publishes original research articles, short communications, and review articles on all pharmaceutical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, materials science, environmental chemistry, and nanotechnology.
publisher: AKT Multitask Consultancy
language: en
publication name: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
issn: 3049-3765
items: A Review on Structure-Based Drug Design and Its Role in Modern Medicinal Chemistry
items: Applications of Spectroscopic Methods in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Review
items: Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis: A Review of Techniques and Applications
items: Digital Interventions for Zoophilia (Paraphilic, Bestiality) Disorders: Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Driven Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Mitigating Zoophilic Chemical Impulses (Zoophilic Desires)
items: Recent Developments in Catalytic Organic Reactions for Industrial Applications
items: Recent Trends in Chromatographic Techniques for Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Review
items: Natural Products as Lead Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry: Opportunities and Challenges
items: Role of Heterocyclic Compounds in Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Review
items: Green Chemistry Approaches in Organic Synthesis: A Review of Sustainable Methods
items: Advancements in Electrochemical Sensors for Environmental and Biomedical Analysis
items: Quantum Dots in Materia Medica: Emerging Tools for Bioimaging and Targeted Drug Delivery
items: Pharmacological Evaluation of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Emerging Nanocarriers in Modern Pharmaceutics
items: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Organometallic Complexes for Catalytic Applications
items: Analytical Method Validation in Pharmaceutical Quality Control: Current Guidelines and Challenges
items: Artificial Intelligence (AI): Drug Design and Formulation
items: Green Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: A Focus on Sustainable Approaches to Drug Formulation Development, Production & Case Studies
items: Quantitative Analysis of Nanoparticles in Complex Biological Matrices: Insights from Preclinical Studies
items: Development of Green Analytical Methods for Trace Heavy Metal Detection in Water Samples
items: Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Analytical Method Development
items: Recent Advances in Benzoxazole Synthesis: A Therapeutic Perspective on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity
items: Synthesis of Different Benzoxazole Derivatives for The Evaluation of Anti-Anxiety/Anti-Depressants
items: Hybrid Molecules for Dual Enzyme Inhibition in Alzheimer’s Disease
items: Structure-Based Drug Design of Kinase Inhibitors for Targeted Cancer Therapy
items: Green Chemistry Approaches in The Synthesis of Anti-Inflammatory Drug
items: Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies of Chalcone-Based Molecules with Antimicrobial Activity
items: Green Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Metal-Complexes Derived from Schiff Bases
items: Development of QSAR Models for Predicting Anticancer Activity of Heterocycles
items: Design And Synthesis of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives as Potent EGFR Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy
items: Design And Synthesis of Peptidomimetics for Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2
items: Computational Drug Design and Docking Studies of Thiazole Derivatives Targeting Bacterial DNA Gyrase

A Review on Structure-Based Drug Design and Its Role in Modern Medicinal Chemistry
type: item
description: The Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) has become one of the most sophisticated and rational methods of modern medicinal chemistry, profoundly changing the conventional process of drug discovery by applying the detailed 3D structural knowledge of biological targets, enzymes, receptors and ion channels. This review gives an in-depth review of the principles, methodologies and preclinical applications of SBDD with special interest in animals. It also emphasizes the combination of major computational methodologies, such as molecular docking, virtual screening, and molecular dynamics simulations, and experimental methods, such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy that, together, provide efficient prediction and analysis of drug-target interactions on a molecular scale. The animal models are considered vital in verifying the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of SBDD-derived compounds, thus sealing the gap between the theoretical design and biological systems. Moreover, the review covers key drug development milestones, such as target identification, lead compound discovery, and optimization, and successful uses of SBDD in disease models, such as cancer, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Although its benefits are significant (greater drug specificity, decreased development time, and higher success rates), SBDD has several issues connected with relying on high-resolution structural data, high implementation costs, and difficulties in the translation of computational predictions into in vivo results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD), Molecular Docking, Preclinical Studies, Animal Models, Drug Discovery, Lead Optimization, Computational Biology, Medicinal Chemistry
  topic: keywords
creator: Urmila Raghuvanshi Raghuvanshi
creator: Nitish Gupta Gupta
creator: Aishwarya Jhala Jhala
creator: Nisha Patidar Patidar
creator: Prateek Gavande Gavande
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 64
ending page: 76
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue3.5

Applications of Spectroscopic Methods in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Review
type: item
description: Spectroscopic techniques are some of the most vital analytical techniques in chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. The methods rest on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter and are commonly used to qualitatively identify and quantitatively estimate, characterize the structure of a structure, identify impurities, and control quality. This has made them very important as they are analytical in a quick, precise, sensitive and in most cases not destructive way compared to the traditional wet chemical method. This review discusses the use of some of the common spectroscopic methods, including UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Mass Spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic spectroscopy in chemical as well as pharmaceutical analysis. The review encompasses the theoretical principles, instrumentation, methodologies, applications, key findings, strengths, limitations, and future perspectives. The most important results are that spectroscopic techniques improve the accuracy of analysis, minimize time of processing, increase compliance with regulations, and aid in real-time quality control. Portable instruments, automation, chemometrics, and artificial intelligence are expected to further develop in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS); Microwave Irradiation; Green Chemistry; Reaction Kinetics; Solvent-Free Synthesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Vikas Kumar Sahu Sahu
creator: Twinkal Deepak Deepak
creator: Pratibha Jaiswal Jaiswal
creator: Dharmendra Sahu Sahu
creator: Pushpa Nirmalkar Nirmalkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 46
ending page: 63
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue3.4

Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis: A Review of Techniques and Applications
type: item
description: Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has proven to be a rapid and eco-friendly technique for organic chemical synthesis. This review examines the underlying principles, methods and uses of microwave-assisted synthesis. This review spans the principles of heating, equipment, reaction techniques, and a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, material science and agrochemicals. Literature review shows that the use of MAOS leads to faster reactions, higher yield and selectivity, and lower energy and environmental costs. The review also highlights key challenges, such as scale-up issues, initial investment in equipment, and safety hazards associated with high-pressure reactions. In conclusion, MAOS is a disruptive technology that meets contemporary green chemistry goals and has great potential for future research and industrial applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS); Microwave Irradiation; Green Chemistry; Reaction Kinetics; Solvent-Free Synthesis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yogesh Matta Matta
creator: S. Srinivasan Srinivasan
creator: Rashmi Rashmi
creator: S. Mohamed Rabeek Rabeek
creator: Shahbaz Rathor Rathor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 29
ending page: 45
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue3.3

Digital Interventions for Zoophilia (Paraphilic, Bestiality) Disorders: Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Driven Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Mitigating Zoophilic Chemical Impulses (Zoophilic Desires)
type: item
description: Paraphilic disorders encompass persistent abnormal sexual interests accompanied by psychological distress, compulsive actions, emotional dysregulation, and dysfunction. Of all the paraphilias, zoophilic disorder is among the least studied areas in psychiatry and forensic psychology both scientifically and socially. This paper will investigate the possibilities of using AI-powered cognitive-behavioral therapy and digital mental health care solutions to treat maladaptive zoophilic cognition, compulsive sexual urges, and related psychological problems in human beings. The paper will analyze neurocognitive and psychological processes underlying sexual compulsivity, such as cognitive distortions, behavioral conditioning, trauma triggers, and impulse regulation difficulties. The article will further explore the development of AI-enabled psychotherapy software, conversational therapy chatbots, emotional surveillance devices, telepsychiatry apps, and relapse prevention platforms that offer discreet, convenient, and customized psychological services. It is expected that AI-powered CBT can facilitate increased treatment availability, enhanced emotional insight, better behavioral accountability, and timely counseling services for individuals hesitant to access traditional psychiatric interventions due to stigma and social prejudice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Zoophilic Disorder, Paraphilic Disorders, Digital Mental Health, Compulsive Sexual Behavior, Emotional Regulation, Telepsychiatry
  topic: keywords
creator: Yash Srivastav Srivastav
creator: Stuti Verma Verma
creator: Vasu Tiwari Tiwari
creator: Shyam Darsh Mishra Mishra
creator: Mayank Katiyar Katiyar
creator: Shivani Singh Singh
creator: Anup Kumar Sirbaiya Sirbaiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 14
ending page: 28
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue3.2

Recent Developments in Catalytic Organic Reactions for Industrial Applications
type: item
description: Catalytic organic reactions are essential in current industrial chemistry due to their ability to make processes more efficient, selective, sustainable, and economically feasible. Modern advances in the science of catalysis have produced highly efficient catalytic technologies, such as transition-metal catalysts, heterogeneous catalytic materials, photocatalysts, biocatalysts, and green catalytic media for environmentally benign industrial synthesis. These technologies have helped produce pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, polymers, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals efficiently without wasting energy or producing toxic waste products. This review highlights current advances in catalytic organic reactions focusing on their applications in industry. It covers topics including transition-metal catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis based on materials like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), green catalysis, photocatalysis, biocatalysis, and continuous-flow catalysis. Additionally, the industrial significance of each approach is assessed together with its strengths, weaknesses, and sustainability aspects. Current results suggest that catalytic approaches make significant contributions to industrial productivity and green chemistry efforts. Nevertheless, issues associated with catalyst durability, scalability, and high costs are still important challenges in need of additional investigation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Catalytic Organic Reactions; Transition-Metal Catalysis; Heterogeneous Catalysis; Green Chemistry; Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs); Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs); Photocatalysis; Biocatalysis; Continuous-Flow Catalysis; Industrial Organic Synthesis
creator: Twinkal Deepak Deepak
creator: Vikas Kumar Sahu Sahu
creator: Pratibha Jaiswal Jaiswal
creator: Dharmendra Sahu Sahu
creator: Pushpa Nirmalkar Nirmalkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue3.1

Recent Trends in Chromatographic Techniques for Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Review
type: item
description: Chromatography is a critical instrument in pharmaceutical analysis, as it allows the successful separation, identification, and determination of complex drug formulations and biological matrices. Over recent years, large improvements in chromatographic technology, such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UPLC, Gas Chromatography (GC), Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) and other hyphenated techniques, have made major improvements in the sensitivity and speed of analysis and accuracy. This review makes a concise review of the recent trends in chromatographic techniques, alongside a special focus on their use in animal studies pertaining to pharmacokinetics, toxicology and drug metabolism. The literature has been systematically evaluated to assess the methodological developments, technological innovations, and performance of analysis. The results emphasize that high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and environmentally friendly chromatographic methods have become more and more important in contemporary pharmaceutical research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chromatography; Pharmaceutical Analysis; HPLC; UPLC; Animal-Based Studies; Pharmacokinetics; Drug Metabolism; Toxicology
  topic: keywords
creator: Perli Kranti Kumar Kumar
creator: Sekar.V V
creator: Venkatesan M M
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 55
ending page: 73
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue2.5

Natural Products as Lead Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry: Opportunities and Challenges
type: item
description: Natural products have attracted significant attention as the important sources of lead compounds in medicinal chemistry by virtue of their extraordinary structural diversity, biological specificity, and capacity to react with a variety of molecular targets. The review focuses on evidence obtained solely based on animal-based preclinical studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic behavior and safety profiles of natural compounds. Results in the animal models indicate that natural products have great pharmacological activities, such as anticancer effects via the induction of apoptosis and angiogenesis inhibition, anti-inflammatory effects via suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, antimicrobial effects against resistant pathogens, and neuroprotective effects via the regulation of neuronal signaling and inhibition of toxic Although these are encouraging results, there are various limitations that are encountered, including low bioavailability, low solubility, rapid metabolism and variability in natural sources, which collectively limit their clinical uses. Moreover, physiological differences between animal models and humans also create translational challenges to predictability of preclinical findings. To overcome such limitations, new developments in drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, liposomes, and polymeric formulations, as well as structural changes, such as prodrug development, have demonstrated the possibility of improving stability and therapeutic effectiveness. In general, although natural products still have enormous potential as lead compounds, pharmacokinetic and translational challenges are critical to their effective transition into clinically useful drugs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry, Lead Compounds, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Discovery, Bioavailability, Toxicity Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Pratiksha Bhaiyyasaheb Patil Patil
creator: Konda V. V. S. Krishna Krishna
creator: Minakshi Ajamal Jadhav Jadhav
creator: Prajakta Jadhav Jadhav
creator: Hirkani Yuvraj Pawar Pawar
creator: Mukesh Kumar Meena Meena
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 41
ending page: 54
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue2.4

Role of Heterocyclic Compounds in Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Review
type: item
description: The heterocyclic compounds are a foundation of contemporary drug discovery due to their outstanding structural diversity, chemical versatility, and capacity to engage selectively with diverse biological targets. This is a comprehensive survey of the importance of heterocyclic scaffolds in pharmaceutical development with special emphasis on animal-based preclinical trials which offer important insights into the effectiveness of drugs, safety and drug mechanisms of action. It emphasizes their wide-ranging therapeutic possibilities in important fields like anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system diseases. The review also discusses the key experimental methods, such as acute and chronic toxicity experiments, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic tests, and disease specific animal models, which combine together to validate the preclinical development of these compounds. Further, it explains the importance of structural design, positive pharmacokinetic profiles, and multi-target mechanisms to improve drug functionality and therapeutic effects. New innovations (including nanotechnology-aided delivery of drugs, green synthesis, and the design of multi-functional heterocyclic agents) are also examined in a critical fashion. Although these developments have been made, several issues such as variability of species, ethical issues, scarcity of long-term toxicity data, and absence of standardized protocols continue to pose major obstacles to clinical translation. Thus, the review underscores how better experimental models, combination of computational and in vitro methods, and further innovation in the field of heterocyclic chemistry can be used to enable the production of safer, more effective and specific therapeutic agents in future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heterocyclic Compounds; Drug Discovery; Animal-Based Studies; Pharmacokinetics; Mechanism of Action; Nanotechnology; Green Synthesis; Preclinical Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Soundharya M Soundharya
creator: Saranya N Saranya
creator: Kanimozhli S N Kanimozhli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 28
ending page: 40
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue2.3

Green Chemistry Approaches in Organic Synthesis: A Review of Sustainable Methods
type: item
description: Green chemistry has become a revolutionary and sustainable practice in organic synthesis with the goal of minimizing environmental impact and maximizing the safety, efficiency and the overall quality of chemical reactions. This review thoroughly reviews different green synthetic techniques that include use of eco-friendly solvents, biocatalysis, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted techniques, green catalysts, and specifically how they have been validated using animal-based studies. Preclinical evidence with mice, rats, and zebrafish show that compounds produced via green methodologies have much lower acute and chronic toxicity, increased biocompatibility, and better pharmacological profiles than those generated via conventional methodologies. Aspiratory in vivo examination methods including toxicity, pharmacokinetic profiling, histopathology, biochemical and behavioural analysis give a comprehensive insight into the biological interactions and safety profiles of these compounds. Moreover, the application of green chemistry principles such as atom economy, minimization of waste, and energy efficiency helps to decrease the harmful by-products and help to create safer chemical entities. Although these benefits exist, issues like the fact that the protocol is not yet standardized to synthesize these materials, differences in results of the experimental results and scanty long-term toxicity evidence especially in nano-catalysts and other emerging green materials are also of concern. In general, this review highlights the great importance of green chemistry in achieving balance between environmental sustainability and innovation in biomedical fields as a promising avenue of creating effective, environmentally friendly and biologically safe organic compounds.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, Sustainable Methods, Animal Studies, Biocompatibility, Green Solvents, Biocatalysis, Toxicity Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nivetha. A.V Nivetha
creator: Saranya N Saranya
creator: Monica. K K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 15
ending page: 27
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue2.2

Advancements in Electrochemical Sensors for Environmental and Biomedical Analysis
type: item
description: The capability to change chemical information into measurable electrical signals with high sensitivity, quick response, and low cost has made electrochemical sensors a highly efficient and versatile analysis tool in environmental and biomedical analysis. In this review, the recent developments in the field of electrochemical sensors are assessed in detail, paying special attention to validation and use in animal research. Amperometric, conductometric and potentiometric sensors are discussed and important advancements made by incorporation of nanomaterials like graphene, carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles which are discussed in relation to enhanced electron transfer, selectivity and limits of detection. The review demonstrates the applicability of these sensors in the monitoring of a broad spectrum of analytes, such as heavy metals, glucose, neurotransmitters and pesticides, in dynamic in vivo and ex vivo conditions in animal models. In addition, the incorporation of biosensing components, wearable and implantable devices, microfluidic technologies, and artificial intelligence has increased their potential in terms of real-time, continuous, and multi-analyte detection. The review highlights the importance of designing new materials, enhancing biocompatibility, standardizing the methods, and developing state-of-the-art data analytics to improve the reliability, scalability, and practical use of electrochemical sensors. Taken collectively, these technologies have significant potential in further developing the fields of environmental monitoring, enhancing preclinical diagnostic capabilities, and even future translation of biomedical research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electrochemical Sensors, Nanomaterials, Biosensors, Animal-Based Studies, Environmental Monitoring, Biomedical Analysis, Real-Time Detection, Wearable Sensors
  topic: keywords
creator: Janhavi Harish Indurkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue2.1

Quantum Dots in Materia Medica: Emerging Tools for Bioimaging and Targeted Drug Delivery
type: item
description: Quantum dots (QDs) have revolutionized biomedical sciences by offering exceptional optical, electronic, and chemical versatility for simultaneous imaging, diagnostics, and targeted drug delivery. These semiconductor nanocrystals (2–10 nm), with their size-dependent fluorescence, high quantum yield, and superior photostability compared to conventional organic dyes, enable multiplexed bioimaging, real-time drug tracking, and precisely controlled theranostic applications. The tunable surface chemistry of QDs allows functional modification with targeting ligands, therapeutic agents, and biocompatible coatings, facilitating receptor-mediated targeting and stimuli-responsive drug release across diverse disease contexts. Advanced synthesis strategies—including colloidal, hydrothermal, and green (biogenic) methods—have enabled the production of eco-friendly alternatives to heavy-metal-based QDs, such as carbon quantum dots, graphene QDs, and silicon-based systems, which maintain superior optical performance while minimizing cytotoxicity concerns. Functionally, QDs act as multifunctional nanocarriers via mechanisms including fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), pH-responsive release, enzyme-triggered activation, and light-mediated delivery. Pharmacokinetically, QD biodistribution is governed by size, surface charge, and coating, with optimal formulations achieving prolonged circulation and tissue-specific accumulation. Clinical successes in tumor imaging, gene delivery tracking, and theranostic platforms underscore their translational potential. However, challenges including long-term toxicity from heavy metals, physicochemical stability in biological fluids, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and regulatory standardization remain critical barriers. The integration of artificial intelligence for imaging interpretation and predictive pharmacokinetic modeling, alongside advances in biodegradable and personalized QD engineering, represents the next frontier. Collectively…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Quantum Dots, Nanomedicine, Targeted Drug Delivery, Bioimaging, Theranostics, Fluorescence, Nanocarriers, Photodynamic Therapy, Carbon Quantum Dots, Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, Precision Medicine, Stimuli-Responsive Delivery, Metal-Free Nanoparticles
creator: Nidhi Katendra Katendra
creator: Suman Chandel Chandel
creator: Deleshwar Kumar Kumar
creator: Vinay Sagar Verma Verma
creator: Neha Mandle Mandle
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 45
ending page: 66
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue1.5

Pharmacological Evaluation of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Emerging Nanocarriers in Modern Pharmaceutics
type: item
description: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as powerful next-generation nanocarriers in modern pharmaceutics, offering unique advantages over conventional delivery systems through their exceptional porosity, tunability, and modular architecture. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of MOF-based drug delivery platforms, emphasizing their structural fundamentals, synthesis strategies, drug-loading mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential. Pharmaceutical-grade MOFs are now engineered through advanced solvothermal, microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, and microfluidic methods, supported by green chemistry innovations and precise post-synthetic modifications. Their versatile loading mechanisms accommodate small-molecule drugs, biomacromolecules, and nucleic acids, while physicochemical attributes—such as pore size, surface chemistry, and degradability—dictate in vivo biodistribution and release kinetics. MOFs demonstrated significant pharmacological applications in cancer therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral treatment, gene delivery, gas storage, and enzyme-based therapeutics. However, concerns regarding cytotoxicity, degradation products, immunogenicity, and long-term accumulation highlight the importance of rigorous toxicological evaluation and biosafety-focused design. Emerging trends—including biomimetic coatings, MOF–polymer hybrids, stimuli-responsive systems, AI-guided design, and theranostic platforms—are rapidly advancing their clinical relevance. Despite ongoing challenges related to scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory approval, MOF nanocarriers hold strong potential to revolutionize personalized and precision medicine through smart, adaptable, and multifunctional therapeutic delivery systems
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Metal–Organic Frameworks (Mofs); Nanocarriers; Drug Delivery; Pharmacokinetics; Biodistribution; Nucleic Acid Delivery; Anticancer Therapy; Biomimetic Coatings; Stimuli-Responsive Systems; Theranostics; Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
creator: Harsh Tamrakar Tamrakar
creator: Tarun Kumar Jain Jain
creator: Nikita Singh Singh
creator: Deleshwar Kumar Kumar
creator: Vinay Sagar Verma Verma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 35
ending page: 44
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue1.4

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Organometallic Complexes for Catalytic Applications
type: item
description: The discovery of effective organometallic catalysts is instrumental in driving catalytic processes in numerous industrial processes. The present research examines the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of new organometallic complexes, including palladium (II) acetate (Pd(OAc)₂), platinum (II) chloride (PtCl₂), and rhodium (III) chloride (RhCl₃), and their ligand-based analogues. The complexes were prepared and characterized through NMR, IR, and XRD spectroscopy to establish their purity and structure. Catalytic experiments for hydrogenation and cross-coupling reactions were carried out, and the data indicated that Pd(OAc)₂ (ligand present) showed the highest catalytic activity, with 95% conversion and 93% yield for hydrogenation and 88% conversion and 85% yield for cross-coupling. Statistical evaluation by ANOVA supported the importance of differences in catalytic performance, where the Pd(OAc)₂ complexes were better than the rest of the tested catalysts. This research reveals the improved catalytic activity of Pd(OAc)₂ (with ligand), giving important insights into future industrial catalysis applications. The results imply that optimization and further investigation into ligand changes could result in more efficient and selective catalysts for a vast array of reactions
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organometallic complexes, Palladium acetate (Pd(OAc)₂), Platinum chloride (PtCl₂), Rhodium chloride (RhCl₃), Catalytic efficiency, Hydrogenation reaction, Cross coupling reaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Rupali Singh Singh
creator: Victor Dey Dey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 24
ending page: 34
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue1.3

Analytical Method Validation in Pharmaceutical Quality Control: Current Guidelines and Challenges
type: item
description: Analytical method validation (AMV) in the veterinary field forms an important aspect of quality control in pharmaceutical companies in which drugs are used to treat various species of animals to guarantees safety, efficacy and regulatory actions are adhered to. This review points to the significance of the species-based approaches in pharmacokinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and residue detection with a focus on the issues of physiological diversity, complex biological samples and ethical requirement. Modern methods such as HPLC, UPLC, GC, LC-MS/MS, UV-Vis, and FTIR are characterized by sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility and newer techniques such as capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic-based technology, high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatics-directed validation incorporates enhanced sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, reduced sample volumes, and increased throughput. Future methodological advances in multi-dimensional platforms, green analytical chemistry, chemometrics, and machine learning offer new ways of addressing matrix effects and resource limitations and regulatory limitations. Taken together, these strategies can contribute to effective veterinary drug monitoring, food safety, and sustainable and species-specific AMV practices and direct future research at achieving harmonized and technologically more advanced validation processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Analytical Method Validation, Species-Specific Validation, LC-MS/MS, Microfluidics, Chemometrics, Residue Monitoring, Green Analytical Chemistry
  topic: keywords
creator: Chiranjeev Sahu Sahu
creator: Rashmi Thakur
creator: Deleshwar Kumar Kumar
creator: Bhushan Lal
creator: Sandhya Sandhya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 11
ending page: 23
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue1.2

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Drug Design and Formulation
type: item
description: The way pharmaceutical companies find, develop, and evaluate new treatments is changing as a result of the combination of AI and machine learning. This method is more accurate and efficient, which not only expedites drug discovery but also raises the likelihood of successful drug approvals. AI-driven formulation design has emerged as a potential technique in recent years to enhance the body's absorption and distribution of medications. AI also has the ability to improve drug distribution, which is essential to guaranteeing that medications go to their targeted locations.One significant benefit of AI-assisted formulation design is the potential to increase drug bioavailability. Many medications have limited distribution choices due to issues like low solubility or stability; however, AI interventions can improve formulations and bring novel delivery techniques like tailored drug administration. By lowering the number of tests required to find the best preparation, collaborating with AI in formulation design speeds up the entire formulation development process and aids in the rapid creation of novel drugs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Industry.
  topic: keywords
creator: Perli Kranti Kumar Kumar
creator: Phalguna Yadagiri Yadagiri
creator: M. Eswaramoorthi Eswaramoorthi
creator: Saravanan Jaganathan
creator: Saravanan J J
creator: Venkatesan M
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol2.Issue1.1

Green Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: A Focus on Sustainable Approaches to Drug Formulation Development, Production & Case Studies
type: item
description: Pharmaceutical manufacturing is a cornerstone of modern medicine but it’s also one of the most resource-intensive and environmentally burdensome industrial sectors. Traditional synthesis and formulation processes consume massive amounts of energy, water, and toxic solvents, generating significant waste and greenhouse emissions. The concept of green pharmaceutical manufacturing has emerged as a transformative framework that integrates sustainability principles into every stage of the drug lifecycle as from raw material sourcing and process development to formulation and packaging. This review discusses the major sustainable approaches in pharmaceutical production, including green chemistry, solvent substitution, biocatalysis, continuous manufacturing, renewable feedstocks and eco-friendly formulation technologies. It also explores Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), regulatory initiatives and industrial case studies which demonstrates shift toward cleaner, safer and more efficient drug production systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Chemistry, Sustainable Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Formulation, Eco-Design, Biocatalysis, Solvent-Free Synthesis, Continuous Processing, Life Cycle Assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Dey Dey
creator: Vinay Sagar Verma Verma
creator: Aakansha Pandey Pandey
creator: Neetu Gupta
creator: Jagriti Chandrakar Chandrakar
creator: Pawan Kumar Yadav Yadav
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 01
ending page: 20
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue6.1

Quantitative Analysis of Nanoparticles in Complex Biological Matrices: Insights from Preclinical Studies
type: item
description: Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as crucial agents in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics. Accurate quantification of nanoparticles in complex biological matrices, such as blood, tissue, and organs, is essential for understanding their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological profiles. This review comprehensively examines analytical methodologies employed in preclinical animal studies for nanoparticle quantification, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and suitability for different nanoparticle types. Key findings indicate that while techniques like inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and fluorescence-based imaging provide sensitive and reliable results, challenges persist in matrix interferences, sample preparation, and detection limits. The review emphasizes the importance of methodological standardization and proposes future directions to enhance quantitative accuracy, reproducibility, and translational relevance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nanoparticles, Quantification, Biological Matrices, ICP-MS, AAS, Fluorescence Imaging, Preclinical Studies, Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology
  topic: keywords
creator: Akshada Adhikrao Sapkal
creator: Archana Shivaling Khilare
creator: Kasbe Manisha Kantilal
creator: Mate Trupti Tulshidas
creator: Shinde Yogita Balasaheb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
starting page: 26
ending page: 39
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue5.3

Development of Green Analytical Methods for Trace Heavy Metal Detection in Water Samples
type: item
description: The development of sensitive, precise, and environmentally acceptable analytical techniques for the identification of heavy metals in water has become necessary due to the growing concern over environmental pollution by these metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). Conventional analytical methods frequently use energy-intensive processes, hazardous chemicals, and large solvent usage, all of which run counter to the ideas of green chemistry. The development and validation of green analytical techniques for the detection of trace heavy metals in water samples using plant-based extractants, biodegradable solvents, and energy-efficient technologies such portable electrochemical sensors and green spectrophotometry are the main goals of this project. After analyzing a number of water samples gathered from various sources, the developed techniques were assessed for sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and eco-sustainability. The findings showed that while having less of an adverse effect on the environment, green approaches were just as sensitive as traditional methods. This study offers a viable framework for upcoming analytical procedures and demonstrates the viability of incorporating green chemistry concepts into environmental monitoring.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green analytical chemistry, heavy metals, water quality, eco-friendly detection, trace analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Jaidev Kumar
creator: Tusar Bajpai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
starting page: 14
ending page: 25
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue5.2

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Analytical Method Development
type: item
description: The research examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be applied to revolutionize the development of analytical methods by leveraging the weaknesses of the traditional trial-and-error method. Based on the descriptive and exploratory research design, the study is a synthesis of secondary sources in 50 peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and case-based studies that were published between 2015 and 2025. The results indicate that AI-supported approaches are far much better than traditional ones in a variety of aspects. The optimization cycles were cut by 58 percent, parameter accuracy also improved by 19 percent, and the general efficiency of the process was enhanced by a cut in the development time of 45 percent, a reduction in cost of 38 percent and reduction in human error by 52 percent. Pharmaceutical analysis, environmental chemistry, and food quality testing case studies further attested that the reproducibility always increased above 89 percent in contrast with a common of 73 percent through the conventional techniques. In spite of these developments, problems like the scarcity of data, interpretation problems, and regulatory acceptability were discovered. Nevertheless, potential adoption in the future is high where it is estimated that the integration level is more than 77 percent in all of the categories evaluated. The paper highlights the role of AI in improving efficiency, accuracy and reproducibility and minimizing dependency on resources hence presenting substantial advantages to the laboratories, industries and regulatory authorities. On the whole, AI can be discussed as one of the defining tools that can make an analytical procedure redefined, innovative, and become more reliable in terms of scientific practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Analytical Method Development, Optimization, Reproducibility, Efficiency, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Data-Driven Analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Perli Kranti Kumar
creator: M. Venkatesan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue5.1

Recent Advances in Benzoxazole Synthesis: A Therapeutic Perspective on Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity
type: item
description: Benzoxazole derivatives have garnered significant attention in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and notably, central nervous system (CNS) effects such as antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Recent advancements in the synthesis of benzoxazole compounds have led to the development of novel derivatives with enhanced therapeutic potential. Studies have demonstrated that structural modifications of the benzoxazole nucleus can yield compounds exhibiting significant antidepressant-like effects in animal models. For instance, certain benzoxazole derivatives have shown high affinities for serotonin receptors, which are implicated in mood regulation, thereby producing marked antidepressant-like effects in behavioral tests such as the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Furthermore, the incorporation of specific functional groups, such as triazole moieties, into the benzoxazole scaffold has resulted in compounds with dose-dependent antidepressant-like activity, highlighting the importance of molecular hybridization strategies in drug design. Additionally, benzoxazole derivatives have been explored for their anxiolytic potential, with certain compounds exhibiting promising activity in preclinical studies. These findings underscore the therapeutic relevance of benzoxazole-based compounds and provide a foundation for the development of new antidepressant and anxiolytic agents.​
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Benzoxazole Derivatives, Antidepressant Activity, Anxiolytic Potential, Synthetic Advances, CNS Drug Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Nidhi Devrani
creator: Namrata Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
starting page: 40
ending page: 61
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue5.4

Synthesis of Different Benzoxazole Derivatives for The Evaluation of Anti-Anxiety/Anti-Depressants
type: item
description: Anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent mental health disorders, often co-occurring and presenting significant challenges to current pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Existing treatments such as SSRIs and cognitive behavioral therapy are limited by delayed therapeutic effects, variable patient responses, and undesirable side effects, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Benzoxazole derivatives, due to their heterocyclic structure and ability to interact with biomolecules, offer promising potential as psychoactive compounds. This research focused on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of novel benzoxazole derivatives using various synthetic methods, including formylation, cyclization, Suzuki coupling, and nucleophilic substitution reactions. The compounds were characterized through TLC, NMR, IR, and GC-MS analyses to confirm structural integrity and purity. Preclinical studies were conducted using Wistar albino rats, where antidepressant activity was assessed through forced swim and tail suspension tests. Results demonstrated that all synthesized derivatives exhibited significant antidepressant activity, with high-dose derivatives, particularly D2, showing superior efficacy compared to the standard drug, imipramine hydrochloride. These findings suggest that benzoxazole derivatives may represent an effective class of compounds for the treatment of depressive disorders. The study supports further investigation into their mechanism of action and potential clinical application in mental health therapeutics
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antidepressant activity, Synthetic methods, Behavioral pharmacology, Mental health therapeutics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nidhi Devrani
creator: Namrata Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-10-18
publication date: 2025-10-18
starting page: 62
ending page: 90
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue5.5

Hybrid Molecules for Dual Enzyme Inhibition in Alzheimer’s Disease
type: item
description: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder that appears in cognitive decline with a progressive memory loss which is mostly influenced by the pathological benchmarks which include amyloid-beta plaques and cholinergic deficiencies. The given paper describes the logic-based design, synthesis, and biological testing of new hybrid molecules directed against two enzymes that play a role in AD: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-secretase (BACE-1). Twelve hybrid molecules were designed by structure-based drug design (SBDD) and investigated through in silico docking, ADMET profiling and in vitro enzyme inhibition analyses. Among these, HM-07 was found to be the strongest dual inhibitor under the study, with the docking scores of -8.9 kcal/mol (AChE) and -8.4 kcal/mol (BACE-1) and IC 50 of 0.41 um and 0.56 um respectively. ADMET analysis showed that it has a great drug-likeness and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability along with oral bioavailability. Computational modeling displayed high predictivity with respect to biological activity, showing strong inverse correlation (r = =0.86) between docking affinity and biological activity. The results imply that HM-07 is a good lead drug development that can be used in developing multitarget therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alzheimer’s Disease, Hybrid Molecules, Dual Enzyme Inhibition, Acetylcholinesterase, Beta-Secretase, Molecular Docking
  topic: keywords
creator: Khemchand
creator: Gitanjali Kashyap
creator: Deleshwar Kumar
creator: Anju Daharia
creator: Vinay Sagar Verma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 121
ending page: 135
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.10

Structure-Based Drug Design of Kinase Inhibitors for Targeted Cancer Therapy
type: item
description: The recent increased focus on high precision of cancer treatment has fueled the advancement of molecularly targeted inhibitors especially the kinase inhibitors, which interfere with the signaling pathway involved in oncogenesis in a highly specific manner. This paper uses a structure-based drug design (SBDD) to determine and develop novel kinase inhibitors based on the in silico approach used comprehensively. All 100 kinase-ligand complexes were docked, profiled, and screened on binding interactions and pharmacokinetics. Besides, two structure-based designed lead compounds revealed high binding affinities to several relevant cancer-related targets like BCR-ABL, EGFR, and VEGFR, and scored low with an energy value as low as -10.2 Kcal/mol compared to current inhibitors. Interaction-related studies revealed the possibilities of stable ligand binding through hydrogen bridges and hydrophobic contacts, whereas screening with ADMET properties revealed good drug-like properties and oral absorption. The Lead Compound 1 turned out to be the most encouraging one, being highly specific, significantly non-toxic, and excellently pharmacokinetically. The results support the usefulness of SBDD to discover effective and selective kinase-targeting anticancer drugs as a basis of continuing the preclinical verification and development of the project.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Structure-Based Drug Design, Kinase Inhibitors, Molecular Docking, ADMET Prediction, Targeted Cancer Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dhariti Singh Tanwar
creator: Gitanjali Kashyap
creator: Aakansha Pandey
creator: Hemlata Mahant
creator: Vinay Sagar Verma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 136
ending page: 148
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.11

Green Chemistry Approaches in The Synthesis of Anti-Inflammatory Drug
type: item
description: The overall work on the development of anti-inflammatory drug candidates has taken a new twist as green chemistry has been introduced in the aim of keeping the environment unharmed or impacted, even though the effectiveness of the drugs and dosage support the mention of efficacy and safety. This review article examines the recent developments on sustainable and environmentally friendly green processes in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory compounds both in relation to the animal trials and not the human ones. It includes review of topic of green solvents, biocatalysis, microwave-assisted synthesis, ionic liquids and other environmentally compatible strategies used during the preparation of pharmaceually active compounds. The focus is usually laid on minimization of hazardous reagents, energy efficiency and renewable feedstock utilization. It provides a critical review of major routes that include their results alongside comparative advantages over the traditional chemical routes and the existing shortcomings and likely trends in this area of study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Chemistry, Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Biocatalysis, Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Sustainable Synthesis, Animal-based Studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Suba K
creator: R. Lavanya
creator: Thanuja Thanuja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 108
ending page: 120
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.9

Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies of Chalcone-Based Molecules with Antimicrobial Activity
type: item
description: Chalcones are flexible families of alpha, beta unsaturated ketones of fairly wide biological praise, in addition to remarkable antimicrobial activities. In this paper, the structure activity relationships (SAR) of a combination of chalcone-derivatives were synthesized and evaluated critically in terms of the effects the certain structural changes have on the antimicrobial activities. A set of twelve chalcone analogues was prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and their structure was determined by FTIR, 1H- NMR, and mass spectrometry. Their antimicrobial activity was tested on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by broth microdilution technique so as to obtain minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antibiotics. Analysis of SAR indicated that the presence of electron-withdrawing groups at para of aromatic ring, especially halogen, and nitro group increased the antimicrobial activity notably. On the other hand, the electron-donating groups lowered activity. Inclusion of hydroxyl groups enhanced the antifungal wires as well. Considering such findings, the following results can be of great value in terms of structural optimization and further development of chalcone-based antimicrobial agents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chalcones, SAR, antimicrobial activity, synthesis, substituent effects, MIC.
  topic: keywords
creator: Praveen Sekar
creator: Senthil Kumar Raju
creator: Anushiya Velnayagam
creator: Srimathi Somasundharam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 94
ending page: 107
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.8

Green Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Metal-Complexes Derived from Schiff Bases
type: item
description: The lack of therapeutic alternatives that are effective, safe and environmentally sustainable has been heightened by the spread of Type 2 diabetes in the global realm. Emerging candidates include the Schiff base metal complexes synthesized through green chemistry strategies that have presented interest due to their multifunctional antidiabetic capability. The high stability, biocompatibility, and environmental non-toxicity of these complexes produced by environment-friendly synthesis protocols based on plant extracts, ethanol or water, and facilitated by microwave- or ultrasonic irradiation points out to the feasibility and economic viability of their application in the synthesis of biodegradable complexes in general. Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) transition metals bearing the cations of electron-rich and aromatic Schiff base ligands are potent hypoglycemics in experimental models that are insulin-like, carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme (i.e. - -alpha-glucosidase, glycogen-6-phosphatase) inhibitors, reducing oxidative stress, and pancreatic -beta-cell regenerators. Biological analysis such as OGTT, ELISA, oxidative stress and histopathological analysis show that glucose tolerance collected, insulin secretion and integrity of the islet cells have greatly improved. Although they proved to be promising in preclinical studies, poor pharmacokinetic profiling, inability to standardize synthesis protocols, as well as an inability to compare proportions to conventional drugs limits their clinical transfer. In the future, more attention should be paid to the whole scope of toxicological analysis, novel drug delivery, and optimization attempts based on suitable Structure-Activity constituents. On the whole, Schiff base metal complexes synthesized through a green method of synthesis have a potential future as multi-targeted, environmentally-friendly, diabetes management drugs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Schiff Base, Metal Complexes, Green Synthesis, Antidiabetic Activity, Oxidative Stress, Insulin Mimicry, Β-Cell Regeneration, Enzyme Inhibition
  topic: keywords
creator: Sneha Surkar
creator: Parina Dobariya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 78
ending page: 93
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.7

Development of QSAR Models for Predicting Anticancer Activity of Heterocycles
type: item
description: In drug discovery, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling has become a potent computational method, particularly for the early assessment of heterocyclic compounds' potential for anticancer effects. In order to forecast the anticancer activity of specific heterocycles tested on animal models, this study creates reliable QSAR models using molecular descriptors. The study used a dataset of 60 heterocyclic derivatives that have been shown to have anticancer properties in vivo (in mouse models). Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques were used to construct the models. The models' predictive power was validated by cross-validation and external test set validation. By identifying important structural characteristics that affect anticancer potency, the study opens the door for logical drug design and lessens reliance on animal testing by using virtual screening.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR), Predicting, Anticancer Activity, Heterocycle
  topic: keywords
creator: Soumyajit Panda
creator: Swarna Dabral
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 67
ending page: 77
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.6

Design And Synthesis of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives as Potent EGFR Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy
type: item
description: Quinazoline-based compounds have been shown to be important scaffolds in the tyrosine kinase inhibitors particularly in the treatment of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cancer chemotherapy. The present study is focused on the synthesis, design, and testing of a series of new quinazoline-related structures due to their possible inhibitory effects to the EGFR. A series of twelve quinazoline derivatives were designed based on structure of a drug and synthesised via a multi-step synthetic procedure along the path of nucleophilic substitution and formation of amide bonds. FTIR, NMR and mass spectrometry were used to determine the nature of the compounds. Cytotoxicity of compounds was measured in vitro by examination of inhibited cell growth in A549 (lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines through MTT assay. Auto Dock Vina molecular docking results indicated high binding affinity scores of QZ-3, QZ-5 and QZ-9 in the ATP-binding site of EGFR starting at -9.8 kcal/mol to -11.2 kcal/mol. QZ-5 was the most cytotoxic (IC 50 = 1.6 um) as well as selective EGFR inhibitor (IC 50 = 0.8 um). The findings validate the possibility of these derivatives as the lead of the cancer therapy against EGFR.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quinazoline derivatives, EGFR inhibitors, cancer therapy, molecular docking, tyrosine kinase, synthesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Meenakshi Chaurasia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 26
ending page: 39
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.3

Design And Synthesis of Peptidomimetics for Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2
type: item
description: The new world pandemic that is currently being caused by the SARS-CoV-2 also necessitates the formulation of potential effective antivirals within the shortest duration. The research performed was aimed at planning, synthesizing, and also testing new peptidomimetic molecules that could have the capability of inhibition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro). By molecular modeling and docking, rationally designed peptidomimetics, 20 structurally diverse peptidomimetics were synthesized in solution phase and microwave condition. Biological purity and structural integrity of such compounds were completely established by the NMR, FTIR, LC-MS and HPLC. Vero E 6 cell line in screen of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral exhibited the activity of five compounds (P-02, P-04, P-06, P-07, and P-08) with the best activity and the most active compound P-07 was with IC 50 = 1.8 mM, SI >55. The analysis of the statistical significance done using ANOVA and TUKEY test indicated that P-07 was superior to the other candidates. It has been demonstrated in this work that peptidomimetics and, specifically, P-07, can serve as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agent and that a computational design and the validation of experimental studies can be important aspects of anticancer anti-viral drug development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Peptidomimetics, SARS-CoV-2, Antiviral Activity, Selectivity Index, Drug Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Aishwarya Jhala
creator: Yashasvi Jain
creator: Urmila Raghuvanshi
creator: Nitish Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 54
ending page: 66
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.5

Computational Drug Design and Docking Studies of Thiazole Derivatives Targeting Bacterial DNA Gyrase
type: item
description: The emergent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has required generating new antibacterial substances with distinct functions. DNA gyrase- particularly the subunit GyrB has been identified as a favorable bacterial target because it contains a highly conserved ATP binding site, and is required in supercoiling of DNA. Broad-spectrum pharmacological agents flaunted by thiazole derivatives have been proven to be highly antibacterial agents when rationally prepared to target gyrB. The review indicates the use of modern computational methods of drug design--QSAR modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and ADMET prediction--to identify and optimize thiazole-based DNA gyrase inhibitors. Such in silico approaches enabled weeks worth of candidate screening in analogy of thiazole compounds with high binding affinities, good pharmacokinetics and low toxicity. Remarkably some of the lead substances showed good inhibition of bacteria in an in vivo setting with low bacterial load and gentle side effects on animal subjects. Not only that, the thiazole derivatives also demonstrated the capability of overcoming the existing resistance mechanisms like GyrA mutations and efflux pump by inhibiting a region less prone to mutations in GyrB. The combination of computer and experimental-based methods is not only advancing the process of drug discovery but also helping in enabling the design of resistance evading antibacterial agents with structural novelty. Therefore, thiazole-based inhibitors are an interesting opportunity in next-generation antibiotics with the constantly growing AMR problems around the globe.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thiazole Derivatives, DNA Gyrase, Gyrb Subunit, Computational Drug Design, Molecular Docking, Antimicrobial Resistance, QSAR, ADMET
  topic: keywords
creator: Perli Kranti Kumar
creator: Shrikant S Nilewar
creator: Mohan Gandhi Bonthu
creator: Sujata P Dudhe
creator: Prashik B Dudhe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 40
ending page: 53
doi: 10.64062/IJPCAT.Vol1.Issue4.4