New Developments in Nf-Κb Inhibitors Derived from Natural Products For The Treatment Of Cancer And Inflammation

Abstract

NF-κB, a transcription factor, regulates immunity, inflammation, and oncogenesis. Although temporary activation is necessary for cellular homeostasis, chronic dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway can lead to cancer progression and inflammatory disorders. Synthetic inhibitors targeting NF-κB are effective but tied with toxicity, drug resistance, and suppression of the immune system, which led researchers to pursue natural inhibitors from medicinal plants, dietary compounds, and marine sources. This paper discusses the most important advances of the last few years in natural compounds in NF-κB inhibitors, specifically polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG), flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin), alkaloids (berberine and evodiamine), and terpenoids (andrographolide and celastrol), by IKK inhibition and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. These agents show promise for anti-tumor effects through induction of apoptosis and overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy as well as in inflammatory diseases by the relief of chronic activation of immunity. Despite their advantages, challenges related to bioavailability, standardization, and clinical validation remain, necessitating further research into advanced drug delivery systems and combination therapies. By integrating natural NF-κB inhibitors into modern pharmacology, they hold promise as safer and more effective alternatives or adjuncts to conventional treatments for cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders.